An Indian
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Diwali
OR
Festival of Lights
“Festival renew and refresh our lives
(1) Introduction- The Diwali is a great hindu festival. It is a festival of lights. It often falls in month of October or November every year. It is believed that lord ram returned to ayodhya from forests this day. The citizens of ayodhya gave him a warm welcome. They decorated their houses and lighted them with the rows of earthen lamps. So we celebrated this day in its memory. It is celebrated with great pomp and show.
(2) Preparation- Great preparations are made for this festival. The houses are cleaned and white- washed. The shops are painted and reset. The market looks very beautiful.
(3) How it is celebrated- people get new dresses prepared. Children put on bright and colourful dresses. They go to bazars. They buy sweets, fruits, crackers and toys. They give present to friend and relatives. They send greeting cards to their distant friends and relatives. Main days of celebrations of Diwali are three: ‘Dhan-tears’, ‘roop- chaudas’ & Diwali on amavasya day. These nights are bright. Ladies and children burn candles and lamps. These are lighted after sunset. Soon the whole city is lit up.
(4) Worship of goddess laxmi- people worship goddess laxmi at night on amavasya, that is, the main Diwali night. They pray her for joy and riches. This is the time to enjoy. Children let off fireworks. There is a burst of crackers. Diwali also marks change of the year. Some merchants start new account books.
(5) Importance- Diwali is celebrated throughout the country. even in foreign countries, Indians living there observe it and remember their mother land. People of all communities celebrate it. It is a festival of national importance. It helps in building national unity.
(6) For all people- Diwali is enjoyed by people of all age groups children, youth, and old, all alike, feel freshness on commencement of Diwali. The rich and the poor all celebrate it as per their capacity. People forget their differences and greet one another.
(7) Conclusion- some people gamble and drink wine on this day. This is a very bad custom. They should not do such a bad thing on such a good day. In short Diwali is a festival of the rich and the poor alike. It is a national festival. It brings happiness to every home in india.
A Great Man
Or
Mahatma Gandhi
Or
My Favorite Leader
Or
Any Great Leader
(1) His early life- Mohandas karam chand Gandhi was born on 2nd October, 1869 at porbandar in gujrat. His father was the diwan of Rajkot state. His mother was a religious lady. Mohandas was married at the age of 13 years.
(2) His Education- At the age of 7 he was sent to school. He was an average student. He never told a lie even in his school life. He paid attention to build his character. For higher education he was he was sent England. There he studied law and became a barrister. He started his practice at Mumbai.
(3) His political life- In South Africa he fought for the rights of the Indians living there. Afterwards he came to India. He became the leader of the Indian national congress. He along with other leaders, fought bravely for the freedom of india. He was sent to jail many times. At last india became free on 15th aughust, 1947. He was shot dead by nathuram godse on 30th January, 1948.
(4) His greatness- mahatma Gandhi was not only a great political leader, he was great in other things as well. He worked for the unity of the hindus and the muslims. He loved ahimsa and truth in his whole life. He loved harijans and the poor most. He helped all. So he was called ‘mahatma gandhi’. He was called ‘bapu’ and ‘father of the nation’. Even today people respect gandhiji very much.
Election Days
(1) Introduction- In a democracy, people elect their government. The elected person rule the country, as per wishes of the people. The aim of the government is to work for the welfare of the people.
(2) Declaration of Elections- The president of India declares lok sabha elections and state legislature assemblies. The election commission fixes the dates of election. The political parties are given a month’s time for canvassing. There are many political parties in our country. The major parties are the congress party, the bharatiya janta party, the communist party, the janta dal etc.
(3) Canvassing- the political parties start to let the public know their policies and programmes. They issue their election-manifestoes. They hold public meeting. Their leaders start touring the whole country. They criticise the policies and programmes of each other. Big advertisements appear in the newspaper. They appeal to cast their votes in favour of their candidates. Big boards, poster and pamphlets are put up at various places. Some persons start advertising through loudspeakers fixed in jeeps and other vehicles. Big rallies are arranged. Participants shout slogans at the top of their voice.
(4) Disadvantages- Elections are essential in a democratic country. Yet they have some evils too. Some political or selfish leaders work for their own benefit instead of the public. They change their sides and plunge the country into unnecessary mid-term elections. Every elections costs heavily on the nation. In election days public life Is disturbed. Voices coming out of loudspeakers disturb the student in their studies. Some political parties misguide the youth. They keep them away from their constructive works. There is so much wastage of money and man-power.
(5) Conclusion- however, in a democratic country, elections are the only way to form the public opinion and it is expressed in the choice of the candidates. Many a time wrong persons grab the power, while good person remain out because they have no money and means. During election days the public is thrilled and excitement prevails.
Wonders of science
Or
Science in our daily life
Or
Miracles of science
Or
Science- A Blessing or curse
Or
Science is a good servant but a bad master
(1) Introduction- it is the age of science. Science has revolutionised our life. It has considerably changed the world by wonderful discoveries and inventions. It has made our daily lives easy and comfortable. It has quickened the development of our civilisation. It has made many impossible things possible for us.
(2) Scientific inventions- it is difficult to count the blessing of science. It has made many inventions and discoveries. Electricity is one of them. It has become an essential necessity. It works in many ways. It lights our houses, cools and warms our rooms. Washes our clothes and runs many household appliances. It runs mills and factories, trains and trams. It entertains us in cinemas, restaurants, television etc. it decorates the stages, shop, and malls.
(3) Computers- the inventions of computers is one of the biggest help to man. They have the capacity to do extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. In all fields banking, medical, communication, information compiling, air travelling etc. computers are doing a lot of work in the Least time. However, they are machines they cannot think. They work only on the basis of the information fed into it that is programming.
(4) Means of communication – buses, cars, trains, ships and aeroplanes are the greatest contribution of science. With the help of rockets man can travel in to space also. Science has helped man to reach the moon, mars and other planets. Satellites are providing great service to mankind. They have made television to approach any place on the earth.
(5) Medicines and surgery- in the field of medicine and surgery science has formed itself a great blessing. Many incurable diseases have become curable. Tb., cancer, etc. have been controlled. It has lengthened the life of man and made him stronger.
(6) Machines- Great and big machines like jcb, poklam, cranes have made the construction of buildings, bridges and dams quick and easy. Other machines have made daily life easier and comfortable. It has made cooking food easy and quick.
(7) Disadvantage- Everything has two sides. If used improperly machines can become nuisance. They can destroy lives and property. Atomic bomb can destroy the world in few seconds. Too much dependence on machines has made man lazy and weak. Hence, man should use science wisely. Science can be used for war as well as peace.
(8) Conclusion- No doubt science had proved itself a great friend of mankind. It serves us like a true and faithful servant. We are thankful to science for the services providing to us recently scientists have discovered “Good particle” that is to say they are trying to discover the almighty. But science should common man happy and not scare him.
IMPORTANCE OF TREES
OR
WHY SHOULD WE PLANT TREES?
(1) Introduction- Trees are very important for us. They give us fruits to eat and firewood to burn. We build houses and make furniture with their wood. They givesus oxygen to breathe. They absorb the carbon dioxide which we exhale. They produce starch for our food.
(2) Other services- Trees cause rainfall. Hot days are made cool by trees they check the surface soil of the earth being washed away by rains. Trees also help to prevent sudden floods.
(3) Different kinds of trees- there are various kinds of trees that fulfil our different needs. Rubber trees supply rubber. Every part of the coconut tree can be put to some use or other. The sap of the cow tree is used in place of milk.
(4) Usefulness to animals- the branches of trees give shelter to millions of birds. Forests give shelter to many wild animals. The leaves of the trees are food for several animals. Many insects also depend on trees for their lives.
(5) Other importance- we value trees not only for their usefulness but also for their beauty. They refresh our eyes and mind. They give us flowers that make us happy. We worship gods and goddesses by flowers. The fragrances of flowers refresh our mind and body. Trees help to check pollution.
(6) Urgent need of planting trees- once upon a time large parts of India were covered with forests. As population grew, trees began to be cut down for man’s use. That is how a great part of forest wealth is lost. We must, therefore, protect and develop our forests. We are trying to replace this loss. Thanks to the domestic LPG that it has saved a lot of trees to be cut down. Trees are the country’s wealth. We should plant new trees wherever we can and look after them properly.
(7) Conclusion- The government supplies plants freely for plantation under ‘samajik vaniki program’. It is the duty of every citizen to plant at least one tree and take its full care.
MY HOBBY
Or
YOUR FAVOURITE WORK IN LEISURE
(1) Introduction- hobby means an interesting work done in free time. This work done in free time. This work is done by inner inspiration and not imposed by anybody.
(2) Several kinds of hobbies- there are several kinds of hobbies. We can choose one as per our liking. Stamp collection, photography, drawing and painting, gardening are some of them. All of us have some time when we have nothing to do. If we engage ourselves in some kind of hobby, it will save us from getting bored or falling in some bad habit. We get entertained and our energies are regained. We also get the appreciation of our friends and relatives.
(3) My hobby- my hobby is stamp collection. I am attracted by different kind of postal stamps since my childhood. My father receives a number of letters from several places. His friends from foreign countries also send him letters and gifts. Thus, I started collecting various kinds of postal stamps. My father encouraged me in this hobby. He asked his friends to send me some rare stamps. Slowly and gradually I have got a large number of stamps.
(4) Different kinds of stamps- on these stamps there are picture of great personalities of the world. Several kinds of birds and trees can also be seen on these stamps. A glimpse of the common culture of a country is depicted on several stamps. Thus it gives the pleasure of a picture gallery.
(5) Conclusion – when I show my collection to my friends and relatives, they become very pleased. They praise my hobby. In leisure hours it provides me great joy. Everyone should have some kind of hobby.
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